-model of stress defining stress as an imbalance between perceived demands of an individual and their perceives coping resources.
- TM sees stress as depending on the persons perception of themselves and the world around them.
-Key process divided into primary appraisal and secondary appraisal.
- Primary appraisal- person appraises/assesses the situation to identify potential threats or demands
- Secondary appraisal- Persona appraises their ability to cope with threatening situation.
-When an imbalance exists between perceives demands and perceives coping resources then a state pf stress exits biologically and psychologically.
The body's response
- Appraises stressful situation, evaluating using previous experiences.
- Signals sent to Hypothalamus to activate
- Signals sent to Hypothalamus to activate
- HPA- Hypothalamic pituitary axis
- SAM- Sympathetic adrenal medullary pathway
-Pituitary gland sits beneath hypothalamus. This releases the hormone ACTH (Adrenocorticotrophic hormone) into bloodstream which travels to the adrenal cortex (part of the adrenal gland), these adrenal glands are located near the kidneys.
- When ACTH reaches adrenal cortex corticosteroids released which has physiological effects on the body.
- The SNS controls the internal organs such as the heart. Nerve pathways of the SNS start in brain and travel into spinal cord and nerves to the various parts of the body organs. One of these is the adrenal medulla which along with adrenal cortex makes up the adrenal gland. SNS stimulates gland to produce adrenaline and noradrenaline into blood stream.
- ANS unconsciously controls our internal organs automatically. It instincts the hypothalamus to release ACTH from pituitary gland.
- The hypothalamus commands the ANS to activate the SNS resulting in an increase release of adrenaline+noradrenaline.
***- Prolonged activation in the case of prolonged stress means there is constant release of fatty acids which builds up and narrows the arteries. 'Furring up the arteries' is called 'atherosclerosis'
-Raised corticosteroids over a long time suppress the bodies immune system.
Selye's general adaptation syndrome GAS
Found when rats put under stress of an injection they developed stomach ulcers.
Stage 1: ALARM
-stressor is perceived. HPA axis and SAM pathway activated. Hormones surge and heart and blood pressure increase and energy reserves are mobilised.
Stage 2: RESISTANCE
- If stressor persists the body's response systems maintain their activation, hormones and arousal remain high.
Stage 3: EXHAUSTION
- Chronic stress exhausts body's immunity and the ability to maintain high levels of stress hormones. Illness likely to develop.
+/-: Influential in developing of stress and related illness.
Psychology as a science. High reliability and validity.
He took a response based approach to stress which ignores individual differences and cognitive elements of perception and appraisal.
A lot of his work based on rats.
Shows stress related isn't caused by exhaustion, it's caused by if it's chronic.
- When ACTH reaches adrenal cortex corticosteroids released which has physiological effects on the body.
- The SNS controls the internal organs such as the heart. Nerve pathways of the SNS start in brain and travel into spinal cord and nerves to the various parts of the body organs. One of these is the adrenal medulla which along with adrenal cortex makes up the adrenal gland. SNS stimulates gland to produce adrenaline and noradrenaline into blood stream.
- ANS unconsciously controls our internal organs automatically. It instincts the hypothalamus to release ACTH from pituitary gland.
- The hypothalamus commands the ANS to activate the SNS resulting in an increase release of adrenaline+noradrenaline.
***- Prolonged activation in the case of prolonged stress means there is constant release of fatty acids which builds up and narrows the arteries. 'Furring up the arteries' is called 'atherosclerosis'
-Raised corticosteroids over a long time suppress the bodies immune system.
Selye's general adaptation syndrome GAS
Found when rats put under stress of an injection they developed stomach ulcers.
Stage 1: ALARM
-stressor is perceived. HPA axis and SAM pathway activated. Hormones surge and heart and blood pressure increase and energy reserves are mobilised.
Stage 2: RESISTANCE
- If stressor persists the body's response systems maintain their activation, hormones and arousal remain high.
Stage 3: EXHAUSTION
- Chronic stress exhausts body's immunity and the ability to maintain high levels of stress hormones. Illness likely to develop.
+/-: Influential in developing of stress and related illness.
Psychology as a science. High reliability and validity.
He took a response based approach to stress which ignores individual differences and cognitive elements of perception and appraisal.
A lot of his work based on rats.
Shows stress related isn't caused by exhaustion, it's caused by if it's chronic.
No comments:
Post a Comment