Cultural variations in attachment

-people bring children up differently for different abilities and qualities
Van Ijendoorn and Kroonberg (1988)
Aim: To test Ainsworth's strange situation cross culturally.
Procedure: meta analysis on 32 studies in 8 countries of strange situation to see difference between cultures.
Result:
- Secure attachments (B): Most common. 50& in China, 75% great Britain and Sweden.
- Avoidant attachment (A): common in western countries. Rare in Israel and Japan.
- Ambivalent attachments (C):Israel, China and Japan high rate. Low rate in Scandinavian countries.

+/-: 27 carried out in individualistic, 5 in collectivist. No ethical issues as is secondary

Conclusion: attachment types vary between cultures. Responses to S.S reflect child rearing. E.g. In West Germany where independence is encourages, babies showed little distress avoidant. Also shows that babies need to spend time with attachment figure.